How denmark got greenland

When you think of Denmark and Greenland, you might wonder how these two distant regions became so closely connected.

The story of how Denmark got Greenland is a fascinating tale of exploration, colonization, and evolving political relationships.

From the early Viking settlements to the modern autonomous status of Greenland, this article dives into the history and dynamics that shaped this unique bond.

Let’s explore the historical milestones and key events that defined Denmark’s control of Greenland.

Table of Contents

• Viking Settlements in Greenland
• The Danish Colonization of Greenland
• Greenland’s Relationship with Denmark Today
• Frequently Asked Questions

Viking Settlements in Greenland

The history of Denmark and Greenland dates back to the Viking Age. Norse explorers, led by Erik the Red, established the first European settlements in Greenland around 985 AD.

These settlers thrived for centuries, farming and trading with Europe.

However, by the 15th century, the Norse settlements mysteriously disappeared, leaving Greenland largely uninhabited by Europeans for centuries.

Why did the Norse abandon Greenland? Scholars suggest factors like climate change, reduced trade opportunities, and conflicts with the Inuit played a role.

Despite this decline, the Viking settlements laid the groundwork for Denmark’s eventual claim to Greenland.

Fun fact: Erik the Red named Greenland “Green Land” to attract settlers, even though much of the island was covered in ice!¹

Key Events in Viking Greenland

• 985 AD: Erik the Red establishes the first Viking settlement.
• 1000 AD: Leif Erikson introduces Christianity to Greenland.
• 1450 AD: Norse settlements vanish, leaving Greenland uninhabited by Europeans.

The Danish Colonization of Greenland

Denmark’s formal colonization of Greenland began in the 18th century.

In 1721, Danish-Norwegian missionary Hans Egede arrived in Greenland to convert the Inuit population to Christianity. His mission marked the start of Denmark’s political and cultural influence over the island.

During the 19th century, Denmark tightened its grip on Greenland. The Treaty of Kiel in 1814 transferred Norway’s territories, including Greenland, to Denmark.

This solidified Denmark’s claim, and by the early 20th century, Greenland became an integral part of the Danish Kingdom.

Did you know? Greenland’s strategic location during World War II led to increased Danish control, as the island played a crucial role in Allied efforts.²

Milestones in Danish Colonization

1. 1721: Hans Egede’s mission begins Danish influence.
2. 1814: Treaty of Kiel transfers Greenland to Denmark.
3. 1953: Greenland becomes an official part of Denmark.

Greenland’s Relationship with Denmark Today

Today, Greenland is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. While Denmark handles foreign affairs and defense, Greenland governs its internal matters.

This unique arrangement began in 1979 with the introduction of home rule and was further strengthened in 2009 with self-rule legislation.

Greenland’s relationship with Denmark is shaped by shared history, cultural ties, and economic dependence.

Denmark provides significant financial support, while Greenland benefits from its natural resources, including fish and minerals. However, debates about independence continue to shape their dynamic.

Today, Greenland is 98% Inuit, and the island’s indigenous culture plays a vital role in its identity.³

Key Aspects of Modern Autonomy

• Home Rule (1979): Greenland gains control over internal affairs.
• Self-Rule (2009): Expanded autonomy and recognition of Inuit as a distinct people.
• Economic Dependence: Denmark provides annual subsidies of $600 million.⁴

Frequently Asked Questions

Why does Denmark own Greenland?

Denmark owns Greenland due to historical colonization and treaties like the Treaty of Kiel (1814). Greenland became a formal part of Denmark in 1953 and later gained autonomy.

Does Greenland want independence?

While some Greenlanders advocate for independence, others prefer maintaining ties with Denmark due to economic benefits and shared history.

What language is spoken in Greenland?

Greenlandic (Kalaallisut) is the official language, but Danish is widely spoken, reflecting their historical connection.

How big is Greenland compared to Denmark?

Greenland is the world’s largest island, covering 2.16 million square kilometers, while Denmark is only 43,000 square kilometers.⁵

Conclusion

The story of how Denmark got Greenland is a blend of exploration, colonization, and evolving political relationships.

From Viking settlements to modern autonomy, their connection has shaped Greenland’s identity and culture.

Whether you’re a history buff or just curious, understanding this unique bond offers insights into a fascinating chapter of Arctic history.